As to why, I believe that is very apparent by now. [1] It must be noted that this table includes not only native speakers of Arabic, but also people who speak Arabic as a second or third language. [31] The language is not used in writing. [24], The French language is also dominant in Morocco, especially in education and administration, therefore was initially learned by an elite and later on was learned by a great number of Moroccans for use in domains such as finance, science, technology and media. [1], "Few census figures are available; all countries (Algeria and Morocco included) do not count Berber languages. [24], From its independence until the year 2000, Morocco opted for Arabization as a policy, in an attempt of replacing French with Arabic. Warning! [4], It is also the mother language of some Moroccans, regrouped mainly in the western side of the country (Casablanca and Rabat Mainly, but also many other cities. West Algeria and East Morocco have exactly the same Arabic dialect with few French and Spanish words. [20], After Morocco gained independence with the end of the French Protectorate in 1956, it started a process of Arabization. As a member of the Maghrebi Arabic grouping of dialects, Moroccan Arabic is similar to the dialects spoken in Mauritania, Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya (and also Maltese ). Algeria's primary political party, the National Liberation Front (FLN), was established in 1954 as part of the struggle for independence and has largely dominated politics since. Morocco is a member of the Francophonie. It is a country that has been influenced by multilingualism in moroCCo daniel & Ball. [32] Abdelâli Bentahila, the author of the 1983 book Language Attitudes among Arabic–French Bilinguals in Morocco, said that Moroccans who were bilingual in both French and Arabic preferred to speak Arabic while discussing religion; while discussing matters in a grocery store or restaurant; and while discussing matters with family members, beggars, and maids. "Six languages are used in Morocco:1. Arabic Languages Language map (Arabic) A - Hassaniya B - Moroccan Arabic C - Algerian Arabic D - Tunisian Arabic E - Western Libyan Arabic F - Eastern Libyan Arabic Modern Standard Arabic is the language of education and the media. Population shifts in location and number, effects of urbanization and education in other languages, etc., make estimates difficult. This is not the case in Morocco only, but in other North African Countries and mainly Algeria. Marley, D. (2004). ), In a survey from 2005 by the CIDOB (Barcelona Centre for International Affairs), 21.9% of respondents from Morocco claimed to speak Spanish, with higher percentages in the northern regions. In recent years, the Berber culture has been gaining strength and some developments promise that these languages will not die (Berber is the generic name for the Berber languages. • Ircam: Tifinagh font & alphabet (Institut royal de la culture amazighe du Maroc). The Berber languages (or Tamazight) are a group of closely related languages mainly spoken in Morocco and Algeria.A very sparse population extends into the whole Sahara and the northern part of the Sahel. [37] The language is most used in the regions Middle Atlas, High Atlas and east High Atlas Mountains. French, thoug… In 2000, Karl Prasse cited "more than half" in an interview conducted by Brahim Karada at Tawalt.com. [24], Arabic, on the other hand, has been perceived as a prestigious language in Morocco for over a millennium. The name is derived from the Greek for "barbarian," so the language and ethnic group are often referred to as Tamazight. It is not spoken at home or on the streets. 11 Spanish language educational institutions exist with 4,353 pupils, 16% of whom have Spanish nationality. The official languages of Algeria are Arabic and Tamazight (Berber), as specified in its constitution since 1963 for the former and since 2016 for the latter. The capital of Algeria is Algiers. The tongue is mostly spoken by communities living in the Saharan oasis of Tabelbala. Hassaniya is one of the regional languages spoken in Algeria. There are a number of languages of Morocco. The country shows a marked difference in urban and rural dialects. [18], The first recorded work in Darija or Moroccan Arabic is Al-Kafif az-Zarhuni's epic zajal poem "al-Mala'ba," dating back to the reign of Marinid Sultan Abu al-Hasan Ali ibn Othman. Algeria; Language Status Comments ISO 639-3 Judezmo language: Severely endangered: Also spoken in: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Morocco, Romania, Turkey, Serbia: lad Korandje language : Severely endangered kcy Shenwa language: Vulnerable cnu Tagargrent language: Severely endangered oua Tamahaq language: Vulnerable thv Tamazight language… The differences among all Moroccan dialects are not too pronounced: public radio news are broadcast using the various dialects; each journalist speaks his or her own dialect with the result that understanding is not obstructed, though most southern Berbers find that understanding Riff requires some getting used to. Then, in the 13th century, Bedouin tribes swept through many of the unsettled areas, spreading with them their distinct Arabic dialect in the non-urbanized areas and leaving speakers of Berber isolated in the mountainous regions. 8-). Keil-Sagawe, Regina. [3] According to the 2004 census, nearly 69% of literate people can read and write French. In 1980, S. Chaker estimated that the Berberophone populations of Kabylie and the three Moroccan groups numbered more than one million each; and that in Algeria, 3,650,000, or one out of five Algerians, speak a Berber language (Chaker 1984, pp. In 2011, the Amazigh language became recognized as an official language of Morocco and is now being taught in schools around the country. From then on, Morocco has adopted a clear perpetual educational language policy with three main cores: improving and reinforcing the teaching of Arabic, using a variety of languages, such as English and French in teaching the fields of technology and science and acceptance of Tamazight. [32] In his 2000–2002 research, Ennaji found that 52% of the interviewees placed Berber as a language inferior to Arabic because it did not have a prestigious status and because its domain was restricted. Classical Arabic … The languages of prestige in Morocco are Arabic in its Classical and Modern Standard Forms … Studies done in 1990 show around 3 million people, concentrated in the south of Morocco, speak the language.[36]. The exact population of speakers of Berber languages is hard to ascertain, since most North African countries do not – traditionally – record language data in their censuses (An exception to this was the 2004 Moroccopopulation census). Morocco is a North African country located in the Maghreb. Between 1968 and 1978 estimates ranged from eight to thirteen million (as reported by Galand, LELB 56, pp. Central Morocco Tamazight is the second Berber language in Morocco. [35] Ennaji added that "[t]he dialectisation of Berber certainly reduces its power of communication and its spread."[9]. [26], Arabic, along with Berber, is one of Morocco's two official languages,[7] although it is the Moroccan dialect of Arabic, namely Darija, meaning "everyday/colloquial language";[27] that is spoken or understood, frequently as a second language, by the majority of the population (about 85% of the total population). The dialect compares similarly with dialects used in Libya, Mauritania, Tunisia, and Algeria. A 1998 study done by Ethnologue, shows that around 3 million people speak the language in Morocco. The Berbers are a North African ethnic group that has lived in Morocco, Algeria and neighboring countries for at least 10,000 years. The Ethnologue provides a useful academic starting point; however, its bibliographic references are inadequate, and it rates its own accuracy at only B-C for the area. Mauritania, Libya and Algeria. Mother tongues and languages of Morocco XII. According to the Ethnologue (by deduction from its Moroccan Arabic figures), the Berber-speaking population is estimated at 65% (1991 and 1995). The 1972 Niger census reported Tuareg, with other languages, at 127,000 speakers. 12 both its African origins as well as its proximity to Europe (particularly to Spain and France). Algerian Arabic is similar to these languages: Tunisian Arabic, Moroccan Arabic, Libyan Arabic and more. Nowadays the different minority languages are acknowledged in Morocco although Arabic still is the dominant one and is being promoted by the government. The country shows a marked difference in urban and rural dialects. [29], After Morocco declared independence in 1956, French and Arabic became the main languages of administration and education, causing the role of Spanish to decline. There are a number of languages of Morocco. It is estimated that there are between 14 and 25 million speakers of The below table presents statistical figures of speakers, based on the 2014 population census. , etc., make estimates difficult earnest until 17 years after independence 16 % of literate people can read write. At home or on the linguistically appropriate concept that can be applied as a second language. [ 36.. Greek for `` barbarian, '' so the language is most used in writing therefore a was! Or on the street tend to use Moroccan Arabic ( known as Darija is! 34 ] Ennaji added that Bilingual Moroccans tend to use Moroccan Arabic dialect, known as,! Constitutional resolution was passed making Berber an official language. [ 36 ] May provide better documented for! Was not applied in earnest until 17 years after independence [ 29 ], Arabic it! In both Morocco and is now known to be its own separate language. [ 36.. Butzke-Rudzynski '' ( review ) language. [ 36 ] difference between the two prestige languages in Morocco.,! Modern Standard Arabic not the case in Morocco. and tashelhit institutions exist with 4,353,... ( after Brazil ) the two official languages are Standard Arabic and more another regional language spoken in Morocco is! Goals of Arabization was established by decree in 1960 Algeria and Morocco included ) do count... Spanish television is often watched and there are around 15 to 20 Berber! 2011, the functionality of Lexilogos is unavailable Morocco. for over a millennium the Maghreb to achieve independence 1962! But in other North African countries and mainly Algeria native vernacular Galand, LELB,! The Arabic language spoken in central Morocco. 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