�=u�p��DH�u��kդ�9pR��C��}�F�:`����g�K��y���Q0=&���KX� �pr ֙��ͬ#�,�%���1@�2���K� �'�d���2� ?>3ӯ1~�>� ������Eǫ�x���d��>;X\�6H�O���w~� endstream endobj 169 0 obj <>stream 0 h��{i�DZ�_��6�:�0P�tEX˵H[�+ԇ�8�� cc^�+��o ���ۛ���axu �t�m��8�������Ey�6���20 ��%d Hybrid vehicles that use a combination of a petrol or diesel engine, a battery or an onboard electric 92 0 obj <> endobj EVs which use Flywheels or Supercapacitors, Electric Vehicle Technology Explained, Second Edition. ���y&U��|ibG�x���V�&��ݫJ����ʬD�p=C�U9�ǥb�evy�G� �m& Electric vehicles are exempt from paying RUC until 2021. 0 %PDF-1.5 %���� Electric vehicles are steadily becoming popular all across the world as a good alternative to traditional gasoline-powered vehicles. endstream endobj 170 0 obj <>stream }}���.��j�r�WX��U�ł��p�b!|BA�>� +;l�h�u�%������v4�f7 C����_}qkt�l9��N�� 9�e r�� 1.5 kW Traction Motor Typical uses for this electric motor are for scooters and go-carts. C�Ѩ�����b�/"�3"ؼzE'uY7�.[;���g���#���! However, this particular one still stood far behind the term of a practical vehicle. Electric vehicles use a different automotive technology compared to the ones used by conventional vehicles. Comparative evaluation of different electric vehicle market cost. EVs using Supply Lines. �,B?t���,�'د�*�~��� ���VJ�{A���w�e0W������7faN���H��� >d��O� ׇjs EVs which use Flywheels or Supercapacitors. Faurther Reading endstream endobj startxref �ذ���s"����gz��d�AhdUv�Q������ܙ�̻&�t���䲼˙����"���_��K�#�}Dj�=r�™O�����zĄ{��){yƂ\A;I����b�=:r�a,ɵ�. 211 0 obj <>stream Solar‐Powered Vehicles. h�TP�n� �� ~P,�Q!K�� ��w�T�6N�&�h!X�s9�ǖ0����2cD The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. h�bbd```b``n�� �� �d��LZ`9��D���* �w!��&������.�H+��p���� 6-H2ʮ �m�"� Ҵlc%���o�)�w�w��@�_�b&��M��00R����T� � �� ��e@#潌5�^FLd/c}��q�4�L�Y�r­��U��[�|��#2~R|A>ge�@8'���~���7t�߹{i���!��kWu�jF'�0ǡ�I�;s��#Fh:u�p �rVf��(��x\�.�2�����Z���,���d���US�]Q:�1@��w�����7������Ӯq������mVz�e�H1F�LףjS:�hڹ��$b�X4Ō�b�� ���L�F|��aPD`߂���\#�Mڜ$9�^t�S��m��k�'���r�4���J�Eh4xX��dz����&:�$�A��g��B��\u�4�E,@ܗA/�r)�YE�XJfV����)� gXm�xi�M��j]�P�!���!2��UF.q��CG��ToH�ߚC7Ǜ�?��= xYT��-�YѴ��:k ���[�6�M�2��77nq��E�]�pΒH�h��:���!��g?���D~��z�@'Z)��� �D�)�m����" �1F�-1V�>�m�Qhy�S��>�����YY��B�_�_:�6�Z�~�D��H Q)�\Avs��`� �9���!��Py��P�/��:�鷣�]{ �u�?����ͅzvg����g��}���?&>���%��7�~�I��I�~!�8P�_�@���� 6�kg��ƚ�n��6�y'�OW�9��%?�.�x5 ���i�K���e�s�qFQ�N�va�J�}���s�B&8F\l��O�Ie�����VA�` �B SparatelyExcited motor: The rotor and stator are each connected from a different power supply, this gives another degree of freedom for controlling the motor over the shunt. endstream endobj 171 0 obj <>stream The very first functioning electric vehicle was developed d around 1832 by the British inventor Robert Anderson (Matulka, 2014). After this date, electric vehicles will be required to pay RUC on a per kilometre basis. 121 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[92 63]/Info 91 0 R/Length 132/Prev 439516/Root 93 0 R/Size 155/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream h�b```f``�f`e`�Pdb@ !6 �,�,�؀ä́H���!��B,�GNI�w�h�Z�L��>�@��尟-K��������9,|L_pUp�� 8�2�3U�aQ8���"�!����������Hv4@8i&��a�T�%::p���U�iY V��0�3�����ga��Q?�%�)0\��Og`( ����m�ϘV�����ʹ�� ùcƶ�k9`�f��Ҍ@��y�=�>�0@� #�`' If you have previously obtained access with your personal account, H���n\7���g� Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use, https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118361146.ch2. Hybrid Electric Vehicle PPT and PDF Report for ECE: A hybrid electric vehicle’s short form is HEV and it could be a style of hybrid vehicle and an electric vehicle that mixes a standard combustion engine (ICE) system with an electrical system (hybrid vehicle drivetrain).A hybrid-electric generates fewer emissions from it’s inter combustion engine i.e. Figure 1. Fuelled EVs. Learn more. 196 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<46C203A93DEEDAE49A1069A56F27A4A8><7BEC8A28B399534B872365A88F297982>]/Index[165 47]/Info 164 0 R/Length 139/Prev 577648/Root 166 0 R/Size 212/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream cycles. %PDF-1.6 %���� As we know, an electric motor plays a vital role in every sector of the industry, and also in a wide range of applications. endstream endobj startxref �G����m&@�4���U�r�G�e`0o?�_U�D_�3�-�wH�ź�oW~z3�����b�6��Q��޽Z�������+7�%�.N�[G����g�e��O^~�w�������?�x��i�V�D�oSm�Ðغ�'ib����d�c��'7y���\\�v�����~z~�~:��~���nv�����f�E�Z�K���3��׫��R��;���k�r����&�ٯ��4��+᰾��e��{���Z���s�ݭ�u��ﶿ�h0��2�7q����J���EX�Sr҉/r^ܾڽ�fw.-�K����I{�������A�wW�9��]�<7��m?n��0��c��i��'j3s�nE�pl�V���q�L�-M&�M��2���I�ʠ�S�T���n T �*��H6w�y� NzkM��=�#�����2�%ʇ {��qBX�"����"��(��0g� � �)��������&�9��A�vv��8L-~4σ��HrkGIq��A�Xa�%ɡw���\Hj�R��j. endstream endobj 93 0 obj <>/Metadata 10 0 R/Pages 90 0 R/StructTreeRoot 27 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 94 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 595.2 866.88]/Parent 90 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 95 0 obj <>stream Therefore, it is the ideal motor for light-weight e-vehicles for recreational uses, for off-road vehicles – for example, golf cars or ATVs – and alternatively for transport vehicles that have limited space, like for example in mail delivery. h�b```c``������� ̀ ��@Q���``�cό�b�h "�H��m�5 - �2`�X!��C�89�N0t9�?���d��ڰ΀-��Y��'Z�y The performance of an electric car heavily depends on its motors and battery pack. There are a variety of types of electric motors are available in the market. The selection of these motors can be done based on the operation and voltage and applications. Please log in. endstream endobj 166 0 obj <> endobj 167 0 obj <> endobj 168 0 obj <>stream Hungary and the United States, who invented the first small-scale models of electric vehicles. EVs for the Future. Shunt DC motor: The rotor and stator windings are connected in parallel. �-��1!o��7!�� '� h�bbd```b``��� ���T�f��,�`vX�m0y,2�.��`�/`s@��db3:�e��ٝ`2D�|��e��l#0�D���,`q� �{*�ͯ��00I�?ӥ� >�� %%EOF Vehicles using Linear Motors. Due to If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, Learn about our remote access options. Analyzing these types of electric vehicles presented above, according to the studies of [4, 5, 6] an approximate cost for one kWh energy is between 255 € (Nissan Leaf) and 388 € (VW E-Golf), cost calculated at a battery value of 25 % from the total vehicle amount.